If an animal is endangered there is a high risk of extinction in the wild. IUCN Red list category (EN). Examples in Galapagos include Galapagos penguin, Galapagos giant tortoise and Galapagos fur seal.

Monogamy describes a form of relationship in which an individual will only have one partner during their lifetime or at any one time. Galapagos penguins form monogamous relationships and they reproduce with the same partner throughout their lifetime.

An indicator species is a species whose presence, absence, abundance or general health indicates how healthy the ecosystem is as a whole. Scientists can use an indicator species to measure overall biodiversity and therefore monitor how successful conservation projects are. Indicator species are generally very sensitive to changes in their environment. Galapagos penguins are an […]

Global climate patterns are mainly connected to the circulation of air in the atmosphere, but ocean currents can also have a major influence on weather patterns and climate. Therefore, changes to ocean currents, such as in El Niño events, can have consequences for the Galapagos Islands and the wider world. What is El Niño? El […]

How plants and animals colonised the Galapagos. Colonisation – when species begin living in habitats that they were not previously found in.